Ilya Prigogine got his Nobel prize for trying to model systems far from equilibrium. The essence is that the system is “computable” or “can be modeled” or “can be digitally twinned”. I am working on models of stars and those are “computable” and “shareable” in lossless open formats.
A beam of ions, a jet of water, a plasma column in air, or any animation or simulation – the essence is that the behaviors of real systems can be recorded and encoded in algorithms of basic behaviors.
Much of science is simple models repeated in many combinations, geometries, scales and energies. I have worked on global population, global economics and finance, global issues, global conflicts, global industries and chemical kinetic, gravitation, planning and simulation. Most all the “monitoring” systems depend on knowing what is unusual.
The whole of the kinetics of the cells and groups of cells, organs and organisms can now be captured, compressed in lossless ways and then simulated “as good as real”.
Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation